The stability of the attitude-intention relationship in the context of physical activity     

Chatzisarantis NL  Hagger MS  Biddle SJ  Smith B 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(1):49-61

Attitude has been shown to be an important antecedent of physical activity intentions and behaviour. It is unclear whether the attitude-intention relationship is stable over time. The aim of the present study was to examine the stability of the attitude-intention relationship over a 6 week period. A panel study of 65 males and 81 females aged 20.6+/-0.8 years was conducted, in which measures of attitudes, intentions, self-reported physical activity and perceived behavioural control were assessed at the beginning and end of the 6 weeks. The data were analysed using path analysis. Results indicated that the attitude-intention relationship was stable over time. In addition, the behaviour-intention relationship was undermined over time. It is recommended that interventions can facilitate adherence to physical activity by reinforcing attitude change during initial and later stages of treatment.  相似文献   

Library of Congress Subject Headings Related to Indigenous Peoples: Changing LCSH for Use in a Canadian Archival Context     

Christine Bone  Brett Lougheed 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2018,56(1):83-95

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Effects of US parameters on classical conditioning of cat hindlimb flexion     

Brett E. Polenchar  Anthony G. Romano  Joseph E. Steinmetz  Michael M. Patterson 《Learning & behavior》1984,12(1):69-72

Unconditioned stimulus (US) intensity and duration were manipulated to determine their effects on cat hindlimb flexion conditioning. Seven consecutive days of acquisition training of a hindlimb flexor response to a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) were followed by 2 days of extinction. Eight animals in each of 12 groups received a 1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-mA, 60-Hz shock delivered to the right hindleg for 25, 50, or 100 msec as the US. Analysis of conditioned-response (CR) frequency indicated that conditioned responding was a positive function of both the intensity and duration of shock, although these variables did not interact with one another. CR latency and amplitude were decreased and increased, respectively, by increases in US intensity. The pattern of results reported here may support a contiguity notion of conditioning, and are discussed in the context of other conditioning preparations.  相似文献   

Shuttlebox avoidance to intense white noise: Acquisition and the Kamin effect in rats     

Richard A. Hughes  C. William Brett 《Learning & behavior》1976,4(1):33-36

Experiment I demonstrated shuttlebox avoidance conditioning using intense white noise as a UCS. Ten rats were given 25 trials a day for 6 days. Escape latencies declined and avoidance responses increased over trial blocks. Experiment II provided support for a functional similarity between shock as a UCS and intense noise as a UCS by demonstrating the Kamin effect following incomplete shuttlebox training to noise. Separate groups of rats were given 25 trials followed by an additional 25 trials either 0, 1, 4, or 24 h later. The U-shaped Kamin effect was evident in the avoidance measure. A similar but inverted U-shaped function was obtained for the escape latency measure. Escape latencies were longer on retraining than on original training at 1 h but not at 0, 4, or 24 h after original training.  相似文献   

Evidence for different parent–child strategies while reading     

Brett M. Stoltz  Janet E. Fischel 《Journal of Research in Reading》2003,26(3):287-294

This study examined the strategies parents use naturally to help early readers at difficult points of text or pronunciation. Forty‐two children were videotaped reading to a parent. Results suggest parents are not likely to provide specific instructional feedback when listening to their children read. When given, parental feedback tends to be well tuned to the child's reading ability, with parents of less skilled readers providing richer and more varied feedback than parents of more skilled readers. A tree clustering analysis placed parents in one of three groups: 1) ‘Learner centred’ parents use a variety of feedback strategies; 2) ‘Inactive’ parents allow their children to continue uncorrected; 3) ‘Direct’ parents supply the miscued word. The children of ‘learner centred’ parents did not perform as well as children of ‘inactive’ parents on measures of reading ability, possibly because parents of better readers no longer need to be ‘learner centred’.  相似文献   

A Clearer Vision: Creating and Evolving a Model to Support the Development of Science Teacher Leaders     

Brett A. Criswell  Gregory T. Rushton  Scott P. McDonald  Tugce Gul 《Research in Science Education》2018,48(4):811-837

This paper describes a professional development model for developing science teacher leaders that has evolved and been refined through working with 16 high school chemistry and physics teachers in high-needs schools over the past 3 years. The theoretical framework draws upon Goodwin’s notion of professional vision and Dempsey’s four metaphors to inform an understanding of professional identity consistent with innovation and empowerment in (a) the classroom setting with students and (b) with teachers in collegial environments. Thus, leadership practices and purposes are discussed at two distinct levels and contexts, which interact reflexively. Sociolinguistic discourse analysis of multiple data sources enabled us to identify the professional development features that promoted or hindered the teachers’ growth toward a leadership perspective and disposition. Implications for science teacher renewal and retention as well as limitations of the study and proposed leadership model are also shared and discussed.  相似文献   

Competition among spatial cues in a naturalistic food-carrying task     

Gibson BM  Shettleworth SJ 《Learning & behavior》2003,31(2):143-159

Rats collected nuts from a container in a large arena in four experiments testing how learning about a beacon or cue at a goal interacts with learning about other spatial cues (place learning). Place learning was quick, with little evidence of competition from the beacon (Experiments 1 and 2). Rats trained to approach a beacon regardless of its location were subsequently impaired when the well-learned beacon was removed and other spatial cues identified the location of the goal (Experiment 3). The competition between beacon and place cues reflected learned irrelevance for place cues (Experiment 4). The findings differ from those of some studies of associative interactions between cue and place learning in other paradigms.  相似文献   

Physical activity intensity can be accurately monitored by smartphone global positioning system ‘app’     

Brett Ashley Gordon  Lyndell Bruce  Amanda Clare Benson 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(5):624-631

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Touring Fantasyland: The “Maps of Imaginary Places” Collection and Exhibit at Cushing Memorial Library and Archives     

Jeremy Brett  Sierra Laddusaw 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2017,13(3):280-299

The Maps of Imaginary Places Collection at Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M University (TAMU) is a singular collaborative effort between two library departments at creating a collection that not only appeals to a wide range of patrons but shows how maps, fantasy, and popular culture intersect. In 2017, the Cushing Library mounted a popular exhibit showcasing highlights from this collection in order to bring the emotional and imaginative power of maps to a wider audience. This article describes how both the collection and exhibit were developed, as well as how they have been received by different patron groups, and includes as future directions for the collection. The principles and procedures for development of such a collection and exhibit are also described.  相似文献   

The AQ scores of school-age children referred to educational psychologists     

Richard Melling  Jeremy Swinson  Maggy Brett 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2017,33(2):180-188

The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) scale was designed to detect the level and distribution of autistic-like traits across both the general population and those diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Condition. Scores in the large normative samples were consistent with previous research in showing a continuous distribution of traits, implying that the Autism Spectrum might be viewed as one pole of an endless continuum rather than a distinct categorical condition. The preliminary research reported in this article looked at AQ levels in 75 random referrals to educational psychologists and identified a significantly elevated mean score with a large effect size (d = 1.46). The possible implications for practice and for further research are discussed.  相似文献